Automatic brake apparatus



Sept. 1, 1936. D. H. SCHWEYER 'AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Filed March 11, 1924 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 p 1936- D. H. SCHWEYER AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Filed March 11 1924 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q. m E Q R v w MR ME mm &m Ll C S H L E N A Sept. 1, 1936- D. H. SCHWEYER AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS 1924 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 11 Sept. 1, 1936- D. H. SCHWEYER AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS 1924 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 11 gwumno'ci DAN 1 EL H .SCHWEYER attorney Sept. 1, 1936.

D. H. SCHWEYER AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Filed March 11, 1924 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 m2 N2 m2 mN mN O T M jnucnhw: DAN 1 EL H S cHwEYER,

Sept. 1, '1936.

D. H. SCHWEYE'R AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Filed Marph 11 61m: net;

Patented Sept. 1, 1936 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE w AUTOMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Daniel Herbert Schweyer, Easton, Pa.

Application March 11, 1924, Serial No. 698,533

46 Claims. (01. 30318) The present invention appertains to automatic shown in Fig. 6, partly in section on the line 'L-l train control apparatus, and is more particuof Fig. 8.

larly an improvement over the automatic train Fig. 8 is a cross section taken on the lines'8--8 control apparatus disclosed in my Patents Nos. of Figs. 4 and 5. 5 1,279,454 and 1,389,602, granted September 17, Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the superposed cyl- 5 1918, and September 6, 1921, respectively. inder and valve casing blocks showing the emer- One object of the invention is to improve the gency valve in section. Y apparatus generally in the construction, arrange- Fig. 10 is a diagrammatical view of a portion ment'and combination of the component devices of the pneumatic equipment, illustrating, partly 1) thereof, in order to enhance the utilityand efiiin section and partly in elevation, means for 10 ciency, obtaining an intermittent or service application Another object is the provision of such appaof the brakes. ratus having novel and 'efiective means for 010- Fig. 11 is a diagrammatical view illustrating taining service and' emergency applications of the electrical equipment whichcontrols the pneu- 15 the brakes under different conditions. matic equipment.

A further object is the provision of a novel Fig. 12 is a diagrammatical view of a modifipneumatic equipment, for controlling the air cation of such electrical equipment. brakes, and under the control of electrical equip- The present apparatus is an improvement over ment for obtaining different conditions of conthe apparatus disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 1,279,- Q trol, such as clear, caution and danger. 454, granted September 17, 1918, on an applica- A still further object is to improve the pneution filed September 23, 1913, and U. S. Patent matic devices and the means for controlling and No. 1,389,602, granted Sept. 6, 1921. interconnecting them, in order that the appara- 1 tus will function efiiciently in response to con- Pneumatic equipment 5 trolling signals or impulses. The flow of air to and from the usual train With the foregoing-and other objects in view, pipe, for releasing and applying the brakes, is which will be apparent as the description procontrolled by valve devices 20 and 2|, which inceeds, the invention resides in the construction clude the superposed cylinder and valve casing and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter deblocks 22 and 24, respectively. The block 22 is scribed and claimed, it being understood that secured on a base or bed plate 23, and the block 30 changes can be made Within the scope or what 24 is secured on the block 22. is claimed, without departingfrom the spirit of The valve device 20 has a tubular valve guide the invention. 25 fitted therein, said block 24 being bored from The invention-'isillustrated in theaccompanyone end to the other, and the bottom of said 3.; ing drawings wherein guide 25 provides a seat for the slide valve 26, the

Figurcl is'adiagrammaticalview of the pneubottom of the guide being preferably formed matic equipment, portions being shown in section with a channel receiving the valve for longitudiand portions shown in elevation, with the parts nal movement. A spring 21 bears on the valve in the position they assume under caution condi- 26 and contacts slidably with the top of the guide -tions. 25 to hold the valve 26 down on its seat under 40 Fig. 2 is a plan view of the major portion of spring pressure. the pneumatic equipment, showing the parts in The valve device 20 includes an actuator for the position which they assume under clear conthe valve 26, and said actuator comprises a pisditions. ton rod 28 seated and secured in the groove in Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of the upper surface of the valve 26, and the rod 28 45 Fig. 2, portions being shown in elevation. has upwardly extending lugs 29 at its forward end 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 contacting with the upper portion of the guide of Fig. 3, showing the piston and slide valve in 25 to hold the rod 28 and valve 26 down. The intermediate or caution position. 1 rod 28 is secured to a piston 30 which slides in a Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5--5 cylinder 3| fitted within the block 22 beyond the 50 of Fig. 3. rear end of the valve guide 25, and a push rod or Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the superposed cylfinger 32 is carried by the piston and projects out inder and valve casing blocks, sho'wn partly in through an opening provided in the cylinder head section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 8. 33 which is secured to the rear end of the block Fig.7 is an opposite side elevation of the parts 22 across the rear end of the cylinder 3|. A 55 cylinder head 34 is secured to the forward end of the block 22 across the forward end of the guide 25, and the main reservoir pipe 35 is attached to the cylinder head 34 to admit main reservoir air into the valve guide 25 in front of the piston 36 so as to have a tendency to push the piston 30 and valve 26 rearwar-dly.

The valve device 2| is somewhat similar to the device 26, and includes a tubular valve guide 36 in the block 24 having a channeled valve seat at the bottom thereof on which the slide valve 31 bears, a spring 38 holding the valve down on the seat, and the piston rod 46 which is secured on the valve 31 having the lugs 39. The lugs 39 and spring 38 contact with the upper portion of the guide 36 to hold the valve and piston rod down, and said piston rod is secured to a piston 4| working in a cylinder 42 fitted within the block 24 beyond the rear end of the guide 36. A cylinder head 43 is secured to the forward end of the block 24 across the forward end of the guide 36, and the train pipe 44 is secured to the cylinder head 43 to admit train pipe air into the guide 36 in front of the piston 4| so as to have a tendency to move said piston rearwardly. A cylinder head 45 is secured to the rear end of the block 24 across the rear end of the cylinder 42, and a pipe 46 is attached to the cylinder head 45 for the flow of air through said pipe into and out of the cylinder 42 behind the piston 4|, said piston constituting the actuator for the valve 31.

The valves 26 and 31, in their different positions, control the flow of air through several passages. For this purpose, the valve seat of the valve guide 25 has the ports 41, 48, 49 and 56 arranged in a longitudinal row, and said seat has another longitudinal row of ports 52, 53, 54 and 55. The valve 26 has the channels or recesses 5| and 56 in the bottom thereof disposed over the respective rows of ports. Thus, with the valve 26 in intermediate position, as shown in Fig. 1, the channel 5| establishes communication between the ports 48 and 49, and the channel 56 establishes communication between the ports 53 and 54. When the valve is slid to its forward position, the channel 5| establishes communication between the ports 49 and 56, and the channel 56 establishes communication between the ports 54 and 55. When the valve is slid to its rear position, the channel 5| establishes communication between the ports 41 and 48, and the channel 56 establishes communication between the ports 52 and 53. The forward position of the valve is the clear position, the intermediate position of the valve is the caution position, and the rear position of the valve is the danger position. The valve seat of the guide 25 also has a port 51, and the valve 26 has a channel 58 in the bottom thereof extending to the rear end of the valve to establish communication between the port '51 and the interior of the valve guide 25 and cylinder 3| in front of the piston 36, when the valve 26 is in either intermediate or forward position, said valve closing the port 51 when the valve is-in rear or danger position.

The valve seat of the valve guide 36 is pro vided with a longitudinal row of ports 66, 6| and 62, and with a parallel row of ports 64, 65 and 6 6, the bottom of the valve 31 having the channels or recesses 63 and 61. When the valve 31 is in forward position, the channel 63 establishes communication between the ports 6| and 62, and the channel 61 establishes communication between the ports 65 and 66. However, when the valve 31 is in its rear position, the channel 63 establishes the channel 61 establishes communication between the ports 64 and 65. The seat of the guide 36 also has a port 68, and the valve 31 has the passage or port 69 to register with the port 68, when the valve 31 is in its forward position, to establish communication between said port '68 and the interior of the guide 36 and cylinder 42 in front of the piston 4|.

A passage 16 connects the ports 41 and 49 and the port 68. A passage 1| connects the ports 48 and 66. A passage 12 connects the port 56 with a port opening through the valve guide 36 into the chamber within said valve guide and cylinder 42 in front of the piston 4|. A passage 13 connects the ports 52 and 54 and the port 64. A vent passage 14 opening into the atmosphere communicates with the port 53. The port 55 communicates with a port or passage 15 opening through the valve guide 25 into the chamber within said guide and the cylinder 3| in front of the piston 36. A passage 16 connects the ports 51 and 66. A passage 11 connects the port 6| with an expansion tank or reduction reservoir 18. A vent passage 19 communicating with the atmosphere communicates with the port 62, and a pipe 86 communicates with the port 65. The passages 16,

to the engineers brake valve 82, under certain.

conditions, as will hereinafter more fully appear, in order to prevent the valve 82 from being operated to deliver air from the main reservoir into the train pipe. The valve device 8| includes a valve casing 83 and a valve 84 therein having its stem connected to a piston 85 working in a cylinder 86. A spring 81 is provided to move the piston 85 and seat the valve 84, and the pipe 86 is connected to the cylinder 86 to admit air to said cylinder for moving the piston 85 against the action of the spring to open the valve 84. The casing 83 is interposed between the main reservoir pipe 35 and the engineers brake valve 82. When air is admitted into the cylinder 86 from the pipe 86, to move the piston 85 against the action of the spring 61, the valve 84 is opened so that air can flow from the pipe 35 to the brake valve 82 in order that air can be let into the Said valve device comprises a combined valve casing and cylinder 9| in which a piston 92 works,

the pipe 88 being connected to the casing at one side of the piston, and a pipe 93 being connected to the casing at the opposite side of the piston. Said pipe 93 is connected to the passage 12. The casing 9| has an outlet 94 communicating with the atmosphere at the same side of the piston as the pipe 93, and a valve 95 carried by the piston normally seats over the outlet 94. The passage 12 receives air from the train pipe 44 through the chamber of the valve guide 36, so that the train pipe pressure is exerted against the piston 92 the casing 9I so as to be effective for holding the valve 95 closed.

A speed controlled valve device 96 is disposed between the pipes 35 and 49 to control the flow of air into and out of the cylinder 42. Said device 96 comprises a casing 91 having the port 98 in communication with the pipe 46, and the port IOI in communication with the main reservoir pipe 35. The casing 91 has a vent or outlet port I00 communicating with the atmosphere, and alternately seating valves I02 and I03 are mounted for reciprocation within said casing. When the valves are raised as seen in Fig. 1, the valve I03 seats upwardly between the ports 98 and I00, thereby establishing communication between the ports 98 and IIII, for the flow of air from the main reservoir pipe 35 into the cylinder 42 to move the piston 4I forwardly. When the valves I02 and I03 m'ove downwardly, the valve I02 seats between the ports 98 and IN, and the valve I03 opens, thereby connecting the pipe 46 with the discharge port I00, so that the air in the cylinder 42 behind the piston M is discharged to the atmosphere.

The valve casing 91 is secured to the block 24 at one side thereof, and the actuating means for said valves I02 and I03 includes a lever I04 fulcrumed to the block 24 below the valve casing 91 and pivotally connected with the valve I03. A link I05 connects the lever I04 and a bell crank lever I01 fulcrumed to the block 24 above the valve casing 91, and the link I05 includes a rotatable adjusting screw I06 to adjust the parts relatively to one another. The lever I01 carries an armature I08 located within the magnetic influence of the electromagnet I09 mounted on the block 24, whereby when said electromagnet is energized to attract the armature I08, the lever I04 is raised to seat the valve I03 and open the valve I02, whereas when the electromagnet is deenergized, the valves I02 and I03 will drop, seating the valve I02 and opening the valve I03.

- The valve 26 and piston 30 are under the control of a pair of pneumatic signal controlled devices, one for clear conditions and the other for caution conditions. Such pneumatic clear and caution devices comprise the respective cylinders H0 and III arranged in alinement with the cylinder 3|, piston 30 and corresponding parts, with the cylinder IIO between the cylinder III-and block 22. Pistons I I2 and I I3 aie disposed in the respective cylinders I I0 and .I I I, and are of larger diameter than the piston 30, and said pistons II2 and H3 have the respective piston rods or stems H4 and H5 projecting through the forward ends of the corresponding cylinders. The forward ends of the cylinders H0 and III have vent ports IIB for the free egress and ingress of air.

The operative connection between the pistons 30, II2 and H3 includes longitudinal slide rods I I1 disposed at opposite sides of each of the cylinders H0 and III and slidable through guides H8. Yokes H9 and I20 are secured to the forward and rear ends of the forward rods H1, and extend across the front and rear ends of the cylinder I I0, to provide a slide surrounding said cylinder, the valve rod II4 having its forward end secured to the yoke II9 so that the forward slide is movable with the piston II2. Yokes I2I and I22 are secured to the forward and rear ends of the rear rods I I1 in front and in rear of the cylinder III, and form with said rods a slide surrounding the cylinder III. The forward end of the piston rod H5 is secured to the yoke I2l so that the rear slide is movable with the piston H3. The push rod 32 is adapted to contact with the yoke H9 or the end of the piston rod H4, and the yokes I20 and I2I of the two slides are connected to limit the separation thereof, whereby the forward slide can be pulled forwardly independently of the rear slide under clear conditions, and, under danger conditions, the forward slide will push the rear slide rearwardly. Thus, bolts I23 are secured in the yoke I2I and slidable in the yoke I20, and their heads serve as stops for the contact of the yoke I20 to limit the separation of said yokes I20 and I2I, as seen in Fig. 2. The piston II2, like the piston 30 and valve 20, has three positions, and moves through a greater distance than the piston II3, which is limited in its forward movement.

When air is admitted into the cylinder IIO behind the piston II2, said piston is moved to its forward position, and the yoke II9 contacting with the rod 32 will push the piston 30 and slide 26 to their forward position, even against the air pressure against the forward face of the piston 30 from the pipe 35, inasmuch as the piston II2 is of larger diameter than the piston 30, so that equal air pressures applied to said pistons in opposite directions will slide the parts forwardly. If the parts had previously been in danger position, the yoke I20 engaging the heads of the bolts I23 will pull the yoke I2I forwardly, thereby moving the piston II3 to its forward position, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3. If air pressure is effective in the cylinder III behind the piston II3, said piston is moved to its forward position, and if the air can escape from the cylinder IIO, the air pressure against the piston 30 will move the piston 30 and valve 20 rearwardly to intermediate position, the rod 32 pushing the yoke H9 and piston II2 rearwardly to intermediate position, until the yoke I20 contacts with the yoke I2I. The piston II3 being of larger diameter than the piston 30 will prevent further rearward movement of the parts with main reservoir pressure exerted against the opposite faces of the pistons 30 and H3, and, under these conditions (caution), the valve 26 is maintained in intermediate or caution position. When air can escape from both cylinders H0 and III, the piston 30 can move to its rear position, the rod 32 pushing the yoke H9 and piston II2 to their rear position, and the yoke I20 pushing the yoke I2I and piston II3 to their rear position. This is the danger position of the parts.

A bleed valve I24 is provided for bleeding the air from the train pipe when the piston 30 moves the pistons II2 and H3 to rear positions, so as to provide an emergency application of the brakes. The valve I24 comprises a casing I25 secured on the base 23 in rear of the cylinder III, and said casing has an air discharge port or outlet I25 across which a valve member I21 is normally seated by pressure from the pipe 93 which is connected to said casing. The valve member I21 is carried by a piston I28 slidable in a guide cylinder I29 secured in the casing I25, and a cap I30 is secured on said cylinder, the piston being perforated for the passage of air through the piston behind same. The yoke I22 carries 9. lug

or finger I3I projecting rearwardly therefrom to contact with the valve member I21 and unseat the valve member when the piston H3 is moved to its rear position, thereby permitting the train pipe air to escape through the pipe 93 to the atmosphere. v

A cut-out valve I32 is provided in the pipe 93, having a handle I33, whereby, the bleed valve I24 can be rendered ineiiective, by closing the valve I32, it being apparent that when the valve I32 is closed, air cannot escape from the pipe 93 through the valve I24.

The flow of air into and out of the cylinders: I I0 and II I is controlled by. the solenoids or electromagnets I34 and I 35, respectively, of the electrical equipment, and the details will appear presently.

Tubular or hollow pedestals I36 have base flanges secured on the cylinders III) and II I, and valve casings I31 are fitted within said pedestals in the manner of cores. Tubular cores I38 for the solenoids I34 have their lower ends screwthreaded into the upper ends of the pedestals I36, the solenoids being wound around said cores I38 and seating on disks or plates I39 secured on the cores I38 immediately above the pedestals \l36.

Disks or plates I49 are secured on the upper ends of the cores I38, and said disks or plates "I 39 and I40 provide the lower and upper heads for'the solenoids. The pedestals I36 have outstanding flanges I4I below the solenoids, for the screwthreaded connection of the lower ends of casings I42 enclosing the solenoids, said casings having upper screw caps I43 which can be removed for access to the armatures I 44 disposed below said caps. The armatures I44 are disks disposed above the solenoids or electromagnets I34 and I35. 1

Each valve casing I31 has a passage I 45 communicating at one end with a chamber I46 formed in the top of the corresponding cylinder (H0 or III), and said cylinder has a passage I41 between the chamber I46 and the cylinder chamber in rear of the piston. The casing I31 has the opposite valve seats I48 and the passage I45 communicates with the valve casing I31 between said valve seats. A rod or stem I49 slidable in the tubular core I38 has its upper end secured V the lower seat I48 extending to the loweaiiid'ef to the armature I 44, and is formed at its lower end with a valve member I49 to bear on the upper seat I48. The valve casing I31 and pedestal I36 have a vent port I50 leading to the atmosphere from above the upper seat I48, and the casing I31 has a bore or chamber I 5Ibelow I49 and I52 seating alternately. Ihe casing ber I5I and a branch of the main reservoir pipe 35 is connected to the pedestal I36in communication with the port I 53 for the admission of air from the main reservoir into the chamber I5I. A coiled spring I54 is confined between the valve member I52 and a plug I55 screwed into the lower end of the chamber I5I for raising the valve members I49 and I52, rod I 49 and armature I 44, when the electromagnet I34 or I35 is deenergized.

The controlling valves of the cylinders H0 and III are thus controlled electromagnetically, the operation of the electromagnetic valve of each cylinder being the same. Thus, when the electromagnet I34 or I35 is energized, the armature I44 is attracted downwardly and moves the rod I49 35 can then flow through the chamber I5I, passage I45, chamber I46 and passage I41 into the corresponding cylinder to move the piston forwardly. When the electromagnet is deenergized,

the spring I54 raises the valve members and l armature, to seat the valve member I52 against the lower seat I48 and to unseat the valve member I49.- The air from the pipe 35 is therefore shut off from the passage I45, and the air from the cylinder can flow through the passage 10 I41, chamber I46, passage I45 and port I50 to the atmosphere, to permit the piston to move rearwardly.

Binding posts I56 for the terminals of the electromagnets I 34 and I35 are secured through the 15 flanges I ,4I, as shown, for the convenient connection of the wires or conductors with said electromagnets.

In order to open an electrical circuit, for purposes which will appear hereinafter, when the 20 on the yoke '9 to contact with said switch and 25 open it whenthe yoke I I 9 is moved to its rear position.

OPERATION OF PNEUMATIC EQUIPDlENT Clear condition s.-The electromagnet I34 is 3 cause of train speed below the prescribed speed limit, will attract the armature I08 so as to seat the valve I03 and unseat the valve I02, and air 35 flows from the mainreservoir pipe 35 through the pipe 46 into the cylinder 42 so as to move the piston M and valve 31 forwardly, as seen in Figs. 1, 3 and 5. The magnet I34 being energized will attract its armature I44 to I49 and unseat the valve I52, whereby air flows from the main reservoir pipe 35 through the chamber I5I, passage I 45, chamber I46, and pas; sage I41 into the cylinder IIO, therebvjdrcing the piston II2 forwardly. The yoke I I push the rod 32, piston 30 and .valve- '26; to'.the forward positionyajss eendn 3.."-'-Ihe channel 5I of the'vai lveifi es'tablishes communication between-the ports and 50, and the channel 56 of aiii valve establishes communication between the 59 -po'rts-54' and 55.- 3 1 establishes "communication between the ports 1 6I and 62, and the channel 6'! establishes com- The channel 63 of the valve munication between the ports 65 and 66, the passage 69 registering with the port 68. Air from 58 the main reservoir pipe 35 flows into the valve guide 25 in front of the piston '30iand from thence flows through the port 51, which is; open in the v forward position of thelvalveiififinto the pipe 16."

The channel "61 in establishingcommunication 00 between the ports 65 and 66 will deliver the air from the pipe 16 into-the pipe 80, so that air from the main reservoir flows into the cylinder, moving the piston. soa s toopen the valve 84.

This permits air'fro'rn the main reservoir to flow 65 to the engineer's brake valve 82 in order that air can be supplied to the train pipe for releasing the brakes underclear conditions. The main reservoir air from within the valve guide 25 also flows through the passage 15, port 55, 70

channel 56 and port 54 into the pipe 13 leading to the port 64 which is closed by the valve 31 in its forward position. Air from the train pipe 44 flows into the valve guide 36, tending to move the piston 4| rearwardly, but the main reservoir seat the valve 4,0

pressure being exerted against the piston from the rear, will hold the piston M and valve 31 in forward position. Air flows from within the valve guide 36 through the passage 12 from which the pipe 93 extends to the bleed valve I24, and the pipe 93 also leads to the casing 9| of the differential valve device 90 under the piston 92, so that train pipe pressure is exerted upwardly against the piston 92. Also, the channel I connecting the ports 49 and 50, will permit the air to pass from the passage 12 through the port 50, channel 5I and port 49 into the passage 10. With the valve 31 in forward position, air can also flow from the train pipe 44 through the passage 69 and port 68 into the passage 19. From the passage 10, through either connection with the train pipe, the air can flow through the pipe 88 into the equalizing reservoir 89 and into the upper portion of the casing 9| to move the piston 92 downwardly so as to seat the valve 95. It will be noted that train pipe pressure is exerted against the piston 92 from above and below, and the downward pressure on the piston 92 and valve 95 will be greater than the upward pressure, because of the weight of the parts, so that the valve is held closed under equal pressures through the pipes 88 and 93. The air can escape from the expansion tank or reduction reservoir 18 through the passage 11, port 6|, channel 63, port 62 and vent passage 19 to the atmosphere, thereby bringing the air in said tank to atmospheric pressure.

Under such conditions, the engineer can apply and release the brakes at will by the operation of the brake valve 82 as usual.

Caution conditions.-When the magnet I35 is energized and the magnet I34 deenergized, caution conditions exist. The magnet I34 releases its armature I44 so that the corresponding spring I54 seats the valve I52 and unseats the valve I49 of the magnet I34, thereby shutting off main reservoir air from the cylinder H0, and connecting said cylinder by way of the'passage I41, chamber I46, passage I45 and port I50, with the atmosphere, so that the air is discharged from said cylinder, whereas the magnet I35 being energized will hold the valve I49 thereof closed and the valve I52 open, so that air flows from the main reservoir pipe 35 into the cylinder III. Consequently, the piston I I3 is moved to or held in forward position, as seen in Fig. 1, and the pressure on the piston 30 from the main reservoir pipe 35 will move said piston 30 and valve 26 rearwardly to intermediate or caution position, the rod 32 pushing the yoke H9 and piston rod or stem II4 rearwardly to intermediate position, as seen in Fig. 1. The yoke I20 contacts with the yoke I 2I of the piston I I3, thereby limiting the rearward movement of the pistons 30 and H2 and the valve 26. The pressure against the piston II3 will prevent further rearward movement of the piston 30, said piston II3 being of larger diameter than the piston 30, and both being under main reservoir pressure. Thus, the deenergization of the magnet I34 permits the piston 30 and valve 26 to move rearwardly, but the energization of the magnet I35 limits such rearward movement to intermediate or caution position. The valve 26 is now in intermediate or caution position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, with the channel 5I in registration with the ports 48 and 49, and with the channel 56 in registration with the ports 53 and 54.

The ports 50 and 55 are now closed by the valve 26, and the passage 10, which still communicates with the train pipe by way of the port 68 and passage 69, is now connected by way of the port 49, channel SI and port 48, with the passage H and port 60, said port 60 being closed by the valve 31 when it is in forward position. The passage 13 is now connected by way of the port 54, channel 56 and port 53 with the vent passage 14. The pipe 15 still receives main reservoir air by way of the channel 58 and port 51, to hold the valve 84 open.

Therefore. with the valve 26 in intermediate position and the valve 31 in forward position, the brakes can still be applied and released by the operation of the engineers brake valve 82.

The valve device 2I is speed controlled, however, to require the train or vehicle to travel below a predetermined maximum speed under caution conditions. This is accomplished by the control of the magnet I09 by certain speed-controlled electrical circuits. The magnet I09, as will hereinafter more fully appear, is energized when the train is travelling below the predetermined maximum speed, and when such speed is exceeded, the magnet I09 becomes deenergized, thereby releasing the armature I08 and the valve I03 moves open while the valve I02 closes. This shuts ofi the air from the cylinder 42, and such cylinder is connected to atmosphere by way of the pipe 46, passage 98 and port I00, so that train pipe pressure exerted against the piston M will move said piston and valve rearwardly, thereby closing the ports 62, 66 and 68, and the channel 63 registers with the ports 58 and BI, while the channel 61 registers with the ports 64 and 65. The valve 84 now closes, to shut off main reservoir air from the engineer's brake valve 82, inasmuch as the air can escape from the cylinder 86 by way of the pipe 80, port 65, channel 61, port 64, passage 13, port 54, channel 56, port 53 and passage 14, to the atmosphere, so that the spring 81 closes the valve 84. The releasing of the brakes, under such conditions, is therefore taken from the hands of the engineer. Furthermore, a predetermined reduction in train pipe pressure is obtained, thereby providing a service application of the brakes, until the speed of the train is reduced below the predetermined maximum under caution control. The port 68 being closed in the rear position of the valve 31, will prevent train pipe air from flowing through the passage to the reservoir 89 and easing 9|, and the port 50 is also closed to prevent train pipe air from flowing from the passage 12 to the passage 10 by way of the valve 26. The air from the reservoir 89 now flows into the tank or reduction reservoir 18 by way of the pipe 88, passage 10, port 49, channel 5|, port 48, passage 1I, port 60, channel 63, port BI and passage 11. The reduction reservoir 18 being under atmospheric pressure and the equalizing reservoir 89 being under train pipe pressure will result in the flow of air from the equalizing reservoir 89 to the reduction reservoir 18 until the pressures in the two reservoirs are equalized. This will reduce the pressure accordingly on the top of the piston 92, and train pipe pressure is still effective against the bottom of the piston 92, by way of the passage 12 and pipe 93. Consequently, the piston 92 is raised to open the valve 95, and air is discharged from the train pipe through the passage 12, pipe 93 and port 94 to the atmosphere. This reduces the, train pipe pressure, and as soon as the train pipe pressure is reduced sufiiciently to balance the pressure in the reduction reservoir 18 and equalizing reservoir 89, the air pressures on the piston 92 from above and below will be equalized, so that the valve 95 will again be closed. The amount of reduction in train pipe pressure will depend on the relative sizes of the reservoirs 89 and 18, and the larger the reservoir I8 is compared with the reservoir 89, the greater will be the reduction in pressure.

When the speed of the train is reduced below the predetermined maximum under caution conditions, the magnet I09 is reenergized. to open the valve I02 and close the valve I03. so that air from the main reservoir pipe 35 again flows into the cylinder 42 to move the piston 4| and valve 37 forwardly. Air from the reservoir I8 then escapes to the atmosphere by way of the passage II, port 6|, channel 63, port 62 and vent passage I9. Air from the main reservoir flows to the cylinder 86 by way of the channel 58, port 51, passage I6, port 66, channel 61, port 65 and pipe 80, so that the valve 84 is again opened. This enables the engineer to recharge the train pipe by way of the brake valve 82, and the reservoir 89 is also recharged to full train pipe pressure, as when the brakes are released, the air from the train pipe flows through the passage 69, port 68, passage 10 and pipe 88 into the reservoir 89.

Should the magnet I89 become deenergized under clear conditions, which will occur whenever the train travels above the predetermined maximum caution speed, the valve 31 and piston M will move to rear position, but the valve 26 is in forward or clear position, which will prevent the reduction in train pipe pressure. Thus, considering the valve 26 in its forward position, and the valve 31 in its rear position, the ports 41, 48, 52 and 53 are closed by the valve26, and the ports 62, 66 and 68 are closed by the valve 31. Air can fiow from the main reservoir pipe 35 to the cylinder 86, to hold the valve 84 open, such air flowing by way of the passage I5, port 55, channel 56, port 54, passage I3, port 64, channel 61, port 65 and pipe to the cylinder 86. The valve 84 is thus held open even though the valve 3! moves rearwardly, with the valve 26 in forward position. Although the passage I0 is closed at the port 68, it receives train pipe pressure by way of the passage I2, port 50, channel 5I and port 49, so as to keep the reservoir 89 under full train pipe pressure, and the piston 92 and valve 195 are held down. There is therefore no reduction in train pipe pressure even though the valve 31 moves rearwardly while the valve 26 is in forward or clear position, nor is the main reservoir air out off from the brake valve 82.

Danger conditions-When both magnets I34 and I35 are deenergized, danger conditions exist, and the air can escape from both cylinders I I0 and I I I so that main reservoir pressure will move the piston 30 and valve 26 to rear position, the piston II2 being moved by the yoke I I9 which is moved by the push rod 32, and the yoke I20 moving the yoke I2I and piston II3, so that all three pistons are in rear position as well as the valve 26. The lug I3I will contact with and open the valve member I 21, which will bleed the air from the train pipe, to cause an emergency application of the brakes, the air flowing from the train pipe 44 through the passage I2, pipe 93 and port I26 to the atmosphere.

The switch I5! is connected in series with the magnet I09, as will hereinafter more fully appear in considering the electrical equipment, whereby when the piston 30 moves to rear position, the piece I58 on the yoke II9 will open the switch I51, thereby immediately deenergizing the magnet I 09, and closing the valve I 02 and opening the valve I03, so that the piston 4I is moved rearwardly by the train pipe pressure, and the valve 84 is closed by the flow of air from the cylinder 86 through the pipe 80, port 65, channel 61, port 64, passage 73, port 52, channel 56, port 53 and vent passage I4. In the rear position of thevalve 26, the port 51 is closed to prevent main reservoir air from flowing through the passage I6, so that there is an additional precaution in shutting ofi the main reservoir pressure from the piston 65 under danger conditions, to assure of the valve 84 being closed, and air from the main reservoir cannot be passed through the brake valve 82.

If, instead of an emergency application of the brakes to cause a sudden stop of the train, by the opening of the bleed valve I24, it is desired to only partially reduce the train pipe pressure, then the valve I32 is closed, to prevent the escape of air through the bleed valve I24, when the piston 30 and valve 26 move to rear position. The air from the train pipe will now escape past the valve in substantially the same manner as under caution conditions. Thus, air fro-m the equalizing reservoir 89 will flow into the reduction reservoir 18, to reduce the pressure above the piston 92, the air flowing through the pipe 88, passage I0, port 47 (with valve 26 in rear position), channel 5|, port 48, passage II, port 60, channel 63, port GI and passage 11. The passage I0 is closed at the port 60 by the valve 31 when in rear position, and train pipe pressure will move the piston 92 upwardly to open the valve 95, the train pipe air flowing through the passage I2 and pipe 93 into the casing 9| below the piston 92. When said piston and valve are raised, the air from the train pipe passes through the port 94 to the atmosphere, thereby gradually applying the brakes until the train pipe pressure is reduced to the reduced pressure in the reservoir 89, when the equalized pressures on the piston 92 from above and below will again close the valve 95. The air is discharged from the cylinder 86 to the atmosphere, the same as under emergency danger conditions, to close the valve 84, and the port 5! is closed to prevent the main reservoir air flowing through the passage I6 to the cylinder 86.

The switch I5! is held open when the valve 26 is in danger position to keep the magnet I09 deenergized.

It will therefore be seen that when the valve I32 is open, an emergency application of the brakes is obtained under danger conditions, by bleeding the train pipe air to the atmosphere, whereas when said valve I32 is closed, only a partial reduction in train pipe pressure occurs, to retard the train with a less sudden action.

Service brake application mechanism provides a primary or first expansion chamber or reduction reservoir having a. predetermined capacity with relation to the equalizing reservoir 89. This takes the place of the expansion tank or reduction reservoir I8 (see Fig. 1) and constitutes the first reduction reservoir. The device IGI has a valve casing I64 extending from the end of the cylinder I62 opposite to the pipe I60, and a piston valve I63 is slidable in the casing I64, while a piston I65 is slidable in the cylinder I62 and is normally moved toward the pipe I by a spring I61. The cylinder I 62 has a vent port I66 at that side of the piston opposite to the pipe I60. The casing I64 has the ports I68, I69 and I10, and the valve I63 has the channel I1I to alternately establish communication between the port I10 and the ports I68 and I69. A branch of the main reservoir pipe 35 is connected to the casing I64 in communication with the port I68, the port I69 opening into the atmosphere, and a pipe I12 is connected to the casing I64 in communication with the port I10 and leads to a secondary pressure reducing device I13 which will be described presently.

The secondary device I13 for obtaining a second reduction in train pipe pressure after the primary reduction, includes an expansion chamber or cylinder I14 having the pipe I12 connected thereto at one end, and having the valve casing I15 at the opposite end in which the piston valve I16 is slidable. A piston I11 is slidable in the cylinder I14, and is moved toward the pipe I12 by the spring I19.

In both of the devices I6I and I13 the pistons I and I11 have rods or stems I secured to the piston valves so that said valves move with the pistons. The movement of the pistons and valves is limited by longitudinal grooves I 8| in the valves receiving screws or other stops I82 engaged in the casings I 64 and I15.

The valve casing I15 has a port I83 connected by a pipe I84 with the reservoir 89, and the casing I15 has a vent port I85 communicating with the atmosphere. Between the ports I83 and I85 the casing I15 has a port I86 connected by a pipe I81 with an expansion tank or second reduction reservoir I88. The valve I16 has a channel I 89 to alternately establish communication between the port I86 and ports I83 and I85.

A restricted flow valve I90 is disposed in the pipe I12 between the valve casing I64 and cylinder I14, and has a casing I9I provided with a valve seat I92 on which a valve member I93 is seatable toward the cylinder I14. Said valve member has a restricted aperture I94 extending therethrough whereby the flow of air through the pipe I12 into the cylinder I14 is restricted, whereas the valve member I93 can unseat for the free flow of air from the cylinder I14 into the pipe I12.

The operation of the devices 20 and 2| is the same as hereinbefore described, and the additional mechanism takes the place of the tank or reduction reservoir 18, in order to provide for successive reductions in train pipe pressure, instead of a single reduction. The reduction in train pipe pressure is obtained with the valve 26 in either intermediate position as shown in Fig. 10, or with said valve in rear position, inasmuch as the channel 5| of the valve 26 connects the passages 10 and 1| in either of such positions of the valve, it being noted that the passage 10 has branches leading to the ports 41 and 49. Therefore, in the intermediate position of the valve 26 the channel 5| registers with the ports 48 and 49 to connect the passages 10 and 1 I, and in the rear position of the valve 26 the channel 5| registers with the ports 41 and 48 to connect said passages 10 and 1|. However, as hereinbefore described, if the bleed valve I24 is operative, the emergency application of the brakes is obtained in the danger position of the valve 26.

The operation of the differential valve device 90 is the same as hereinbefore described, and the reservoir 89 is charged with train pipe pressure when the valve 26 is in forward position.

With the valve 31 in forward position, the channel 63 registers with the ports BI and 62, so that the air from the cylinder I62 can pass through the pipe I60, passage 11, port 6|, channel 63 and port 62 to the atmosphere. The spring I61 will therefore move the piston I65 rearward- 1y. The valve I63 is moved rearwardly with the piston I65 so that the channel I1I registers with the ports I69 and I10. This permits the air to escape from the cylinder I14 to the atmosphere by way of the pipe I12 (the valve member I93 opening), the port I10, channel HI and port I69. The spring I 19 therefore moves the piston I11 and valve I 16 rearwardly, so that the channel I89 registers with the ports I85 and I86. The air in the second reduction reservoir I88 can then escape to the atmosphere by way of the pipe I81, port I86, channel I89 and port I85, so that the air in said reservoir will be at atmospheric pressure.

Now, with the valve 26 in either intermediate or rear position, so that the passages 10 and 1| are connected, the movement of the valve 31 to rear position will result in the reduction in train pipe pressure. to shut off train pipe air from the passage 10 and reservoir 89. The air in the reservoir 89 and casing 9| above the piston 92, which was under train pipe pressure before the closing of the ports 50 and 68, flows into the expansion chamber or cylinder I62, by way of the pipe 88, passage 10, ports 41 or 49, channel 5|, port 48, passage 1|, port 60, channel 63, port 6|, passage 11 and pipe I60. This flow of air from the equalizing reservoir 89 to the chamber or cylinder I62 constitut- The valve 31 closes the port 66' thereby opening said valve so that the air can r45 escape from the train pipe to the atmosphere by way of the passage 12, pipe 93 and port 94. However, as soon as the train pipe pressure is reduced to an amount equal to the reduced pressure in the reservoir 89, the valve 95 is again seated inasmuch as the pressure above the piston 92 is equal to or slightly greater than the pressure underneath said piston, and further escape of air from the train pipe to the atmosphere is interrupted for an interval. The forward movement of the piston I65 resulting from the flow of air into the cylinder I62 from the reservoir 89, will move the valve I63 forwardly, so that the channel I1I reg isters with the ports I68 and I10. This will connect the pipe I12 with the main reservoir pipe 35, so that air flows from the main reservoir through the pipe 35, port I68, channel Ill, and port I10 into the pipe I12. The air from the main reservoir is delivered through the pipe I12 into the cylinder or chamber I14, but the flow is restricted inasmuch as the air has to pass through the restricted aperture I94 in the valve member I93. The gradual flow of air into the cylinder I14 will move the piston I11 forwardly, but an interval of time is required before the piston I11 and valve I16 reach forward position to bring the channel I89 in registration with the ports I83 and I 86. The length of the interval of time will depend on the size of the aperture I94, and may be increased by connecting a chamber or tank I95 with the cylinder I14, inasmuch as the tank I95 must be filled in addition to the space in the cylinder I14 in rear of the piston I11. The cylinder I34, with the tank I95, provide a timing reservoir, the aperture I94 determining the rate of flow of pressure fluid and the capacity of the timing reservoir determining the amount of flow necessary to move the piston I11 and valve I16.

After the flow of air from the main reservoir through the pipe I12 into the cylinder I14 has continued for a sufficient interval of time (several seconds or a fraction of a minute in practice) the valve I16 establishes communication between the pipes I84 and I81. Consequently, a further reduction in the reservoir 89 is obtained, by the flow of air from said reservoir into the tank or second reduction reservoir I88, by way of the pipe I84, port I83, channel I89, port I86 and pipe I81. The pressure in the reservoir 89 and easing 9I above the piston 92 is thus reduced below the previously reduced pressure in the train pipe, so that the piston 92 is again raised to open the valve 95 and permit air to discharge from the train pipe until the train pipe pressure is reduced a second time to the reduced pressure in the reservoir 89.

In this way, a primary reduction in train pipe pressure is obtained at once, to provide a slight application of the brakes, and then, after a predetermined interval, a second reduction in train pipe pressure is obtained, to apply the brakes further. These successive reductions in train pipe pressure will enable the train to be retarded without sudden jars or shocks, such as when an emergency brake application is made. and any number of pressure reduction devices may be used.

The amount of reduction in train pipe pressure the first time depends on the relative sizes of the reservoir 89 and cylinder or chamber I62, and the amount of reduction of train pipe pressure the second time depends on the size of the tank I88 relatively to the reservoir 89. The length of the Interval of time between the reductions in train pipe pressure will depend on the size of the aperture I94 and the size of the tank I95 if such tank is used, and the number of reductions in pressure will depend on the number of pressure reduction devices used. The reservoir 89 and tanks I88 and I95, as shown in diagram, are smaller in proportion than they should be, and such reservoir and tanks may be of sufiicient size to accomplish the results intended.

As hereinbefore described, when the valves 26 and 31 move to forward position, the piston I and valve I63 move to rear position, and the piston I11 and valve I16 then move to rear position. The air is discharged from the second reduction reservoir I88 to the atmosphere, and the reservoir 89 is again recharged with train pipe pressure.

Electrical equipment Fig/11 illustrates the electromagnets I09, I34 and I35 and the switch I51 in their circuits of the electrical equipment, wnereby the magnet I34 is energized under clear conditions, the magnet I35 energized and the magnet I34 deenergized under caution conditions, both magnets I34 and I35 deenergized under danger conditions, and the magnet I09 deenergized above a predetermined maximum caution speed.

The electrical equipment is substantially the same as that disclosed in U. S. Letters Patent No.

1,695,931, issued December 18, 1928, on my application Serial No. 657,229, filed August 13, 1923, with some variations or modifications The electrical equipment carried by the locomotive or other car of the train, includes an alternating or pulsating current generator 2III, which normally energizes a clear or running circuit including the conductor 2I I, contacts 210 of a speed controlled switch 21I operated-by a speed governor 212, conductor 213, switch 2I2, conductor 2I3, switch 2I4, conductor 2I5, electromagnets 2I6 and I 34 and lamp 2I8 connected in parallel, and conductor 2I9. The magnet 2I6 and switch 2I4 form a stick relay, whereby the magnet 2I6 being deenergized to let the switch 2I4 drop open, will keep such circuit open until the magnet 2I6 is energized by closing the circuit thereof along some other route.

Another normally energized circuit includes the generator 2IIl, conductor 2II, contacts 21D, conductor 213, switch 220, conductor 22I, switch 222, electromagnet 223 and conductor 2I9, and such circuit includes a shunt parallel with the switches 220 and 222, said shunt including the contacts 214 of the switch '21I, conductor 224; switch 225 and conductor 226 connected to the magnet 223. The switch 222 is under the control of the magnet 223, and the switch 225 is under the control of the magnet 2I6.

When the switch 225 drops away from the conductor 224 it engages a conductor 228 connected in parallel through the electromagnet I35 and lamp 230 with the conductor 2I9.

When the switch 222 drops open by the deenergization of the magnet 223, said switch connects with a conductor 23I leading to the conductor 2I9 and having a lamp 232 therein. The lamps 2I8, 230 and 232 or other signalling or translating devices are for the purpose of indicating to the engineer or operator the various conditions, it being noted that the lamps 2 I8 and 230 are parallel with the corresponding magnets I34 and I35. Thus, when the magnet I34 is energized, the lamp 2I8 is lighted to indicate clear conditions, and said lamp is white in color. When the magnet I35 is energized the lamp 230 is lighted to indicate caution conditions, and such lamp is preferably of green, orange, or other suitable color accordingly. The lamp 232 is of red color to indicate danger when lighted. Other signal devices can be used in lieu of the electric lamps for giving visual or audible signals or both.

The companion switches 2 I2 and 220 are under the control of an electromagnet 233, which is normally energized, and which is deenergized whenever passing a control station of the track. This deenergization of the magnet 233 to release the switches 2I2 and 220 can be obtained in different ways, or said switches opened at each control station by suitable mechanism. As shown, an inductive device is employed for the purpose. Thus, the magnet 233 is connected in circuit with the secondary winding 234 of a step-up transformer 235 and the primary winding 23B of said transformer is continuously supplied with pulsating or alternating current from the generator 2I0 which is driven by a steam turbine or other prime mover on the vehicle. The circuit of the primary winding 236 includes the conductor 231,

generator 2I0, conductor 2, a choke coil 238,

conductor 239 and a condenser 240. The choke coil 238 is wound on a core 24I, preferably having its poles or end portions directed downwardly, to pass closely over a stationary inert armature or choke coil core section 242 of iron or other magnetic material mounted on the track or road bed at each control station of the track. The

armature or inductor 242 .simply consists of a block or body of iron or other magnetic material mounted between the rails or at one side of the track, and the choke coil 238 and its core 24I are supported from the locomotive or vehicle so as to pass over the armature 242 in inductive relation therewith. Each armature 242 preferably rises a distance above the plane of the treads of the traffic rails R, whereby the inductive action between the choke coil and armature is greater than between the choke coil and rails at crossings or switches, in order that undesirable stops can be avoided in the movement of the choke coil over rails, bridges or other magnetic objects, inasmuch as the choke coil is only effective when passing over the armature 242, the clearance between the choke coil MI and armature 242 being appreciably and sufficiently less than between the choke coil core and other iron or magnetic objects along the track, so that the desired action is only obtained when passing the armatures at control stations or points of the track.

The condenser 24% is of suflicient capacity to more than balance or neutralize the inductive reactance of the choke coil 238 under normal conditions. The capacity and inductive reactances balance one another substantially, although they are made not precisely equal for a purpose as will appear presently. While the train is running in a block between track armatures the capacity reactance of the primary circuit including the primary transformer winding 236, due to the condenser 240, more than offsets the inductive reactance due to the choke coil 238,

and the current and electrical force of the primary circuit are almost or practically in phase with each other. When the choke. coil passes over rails at a crossing or switch or over other iron or magnetic objects on the road bed flush with the rails or lower, the inductive reactance will be increased slightly, but, under normal conditions the capacity reactance is slightly greater than the inductive reactance so that when the choke coil passes over a rail or other magnetic object, other than the armature 242, then the inductive and capacity reactances approach or obtain an even balance, so that the impedance approaches or is closely equal to the circuit resistance. The impedance thus decreases when the choke coil passes over a rail or similar object owing to the inductive reactance becoming equal to or nearly to the capacity reactance. When the choke coil passes over a track armature 242, the air gap between the ends of the core MI is substantially bridged by the armature 242, thus completing a magnetic circuit of low reluctance for the choke coil and greatly increasing the inductive reactance thereof. The core 24I comes closer to the armature 242 than to the rails at a crossing or other magnetic objects on the road bed, and consequently the impedance of the primary circuit, including the winding 236, is greatly increased at this time, and the current flowing through the primary circuit is therefore markedly cut down by the track armature.

Inasmuch as current is induced in the secondary circuit, including the winding 234 and magnet 233, from the primary circuit, the drop in the secondary circuit will be amplified. The normal flow of current through the primary of the transformer 235 induces a secondary current through the magnet 233 sufiicient to insure that the switches 2I2 and 220 will remain closed while the train is travelling in a block between track armatures, whereas when the choke coil 238 passes over a track armature 242, the drop in the primary current due to the considerable increase in impedance, produces a drop in the secondary circuit which is proportionally greater, with the result that the relay coil or magnet 233 is deenergized to release the switches 2I2 and 220.

Owing to the relatively large change in circuit conditions which is obtained with an arrangement of the above character, the normal cur- Vent through the relay magnet or coil 233 may be maintained at a high value to insurethat the magnet will not become accidentally deencrgized, and yet the action of the track armatures 242 insures that the re'ay or magnet will be with certainty deenergized at the proper times. Therefore, whenever passing a control station or point of the track, the choke coil 238 passing over the armature 242, will result in the magnet 233 being deenergized and the switches 2I2 and 220 opened.

The magnet 233, as well as the magnets ZI I34, 223 and I35 are all alternating or fluctuating current magnets, inasmuch as the magnets are supplied with alternating or pulsating current.

In order to clear the vehicle equipment, a clearing switch 243 is provided to bridge the conductors 2l5 and 224 parallel with the switch 2I4. When the switch 243 is closed, the circuit includes the generator 2I0, conductor 2I I, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 243, conductor 215, magnets I34 and 2I6 and conductor 2I9, so that the magnet 2; is reenergized to attract the switches 2M and 225 to restore clear conditions. The switch 243 is preferably under lock and key or otherwise arranged so that the vehicle equipment can only be cleared under proper authority or by complying with specified requirements.

For modifying the periodic control obtained by the movement of the choke coil past the track armatures, secondary control means is provided for closing holding circuits for the magnets 2I6 and 223 to obtain clear and caution or other corresponding conditions selectively. When pass ing a control station, so that the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, it is necessary that the magnet 2l6 remain energized to preserve clear conditions, and if the magnet 2 I 6 becomes deenergized, it is necessary that the magnet 223 be energized to obtain caution conditions. This is due to the fact that the switch 2I2 moving open will open the circuit of the-magnet 2i6, letting the switch 2I4 drop open, so that the magnet 2l6 as well as the magnet I34 will remain deenergized, even though the switch M2 is again closed when the choke coil leaves the armature 242. The switch 225 being dropped by the magnet 2I6 and the switch 220 being dropped by the magnet 233, will open the circuit of the magnet 223 so that said magnet will be deenergized. However, even though the switch 220 moves open, if the magnet 2| 6 remains energized, the magnet 223 is supplied with current by way of the conductor 224, switch 225 and conductor 226 between the generator lead conductors 2H and 2I9.

The secondary control means include a partial circuit 244 carried by the train or vehicle and comprising a cable or conductor having extremely small resistance, said conductor or cable being of a good electrical conductor and being of suificiently large cross-section so that its resistance is small enough for the purpose. The opposite ends of the conductor or partial circuit 244 are connected to wheels of the train separated longitudinally as far as practical. Thus, the forward end of the conductor 244 can be connected to the pilot or pony truck 245 of the locomotive, and the rear end of said conductor can be connected to the rear truck 246 of the tender, and although the rail R and the locomotive and tender electrically connect the ends of the conductor 244, such conductor is connected in parallel with the rail 50 that current supplied to the ends of the conductor 244 will not all follow the rail, and a small percentage of the current will flow along said conductor. Insulation can be provided between the locomotive and tender, but such insulation is not necessary, inasmuch as a few millivolts of current will flow in the conductor 244 out of say six or twelve volts supplied by the track battery as hereinafter described.

A galvanometer relay 241 is disposed in the conductor or partial circuit 244 and'constitutes the controlling device for obtaining caution and clear or corresponding conditions in the vehicle equipment, said relay or devices 241 being sensitive to feeble electrical current (a few millivolts) flowing in the conductor 244, and includes a switch 248, which may be a pointer or arm of light weight so as to be moved one way or the other from neutral or intermediate position by polarized current flowing through the conductor 244. The relay 241 is so constructed or adjusted that under normal conditions the switch 248 will remain in neutral position, and when a feeble current flows along the conductor 244 in either direction, the switch 248 is moved in the corresponding direction from intermediate position. The relay 241 has a pair of contacts 249 and 250 at the opposite sides of the switch 248 to which the conductors 2l5 and 226 are connected, respectively, whereas the conductor 2II is connected to the switch 248, so that said switch, in contacting with the contact 249, will connect the conductors 2 I 9 and 2| 5 parallel with the switches 2I2 and 2I4, and so that the switch 248 in engaging the contact 255 will connect the conductors 2H and 226 parallel with the switches 220 and 222 and the switch 225.

As hereinbefore described, the magnet 233 is deenergized whenever passing a control station, due to the action resulting. from the choke coil 238 passing the armature 242, so that the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, thereby opening the circuits of the magnets 2I6 and 223 through said switches 2I2 and 220, but the switch 248 of the secondary responsive device or relay 241 can establish alternate holding circuits for the magnets 2I6 and 223, in order that danger, caution and clear conditions may be obtained in the vehicle or train equipment for effecting the stopping of the train, the travel of the train below a predetermined speed, or the retarding thereof if the train exceeds the given speed, and the permission to proceed unrestricted as to speed, which different conditions are briefiy described as follows:

1. Danger-If, in passing an armature 242, the switch 248 remains in neutral position, with the switches 2I2 and 228 opened, the circuits of the magnets 2 I6 and 223 are opened, so that said magnets become deenergized, and the switch 2I4 dropping open will also open the circuit of the magnet I34, thereby deenergizing the magnet I34 as well as the magnet I35 which is normally deenergized, and both magnets I34 and I35 being deenergized will produce a danger condition requiring the train to stop. The switches 2I4, 222

and 225 being released will remain open, even though the switches 2I2 and 220 are again closed after passing the armature 242. The magnets 2H5 and 223 therefore remain deenergized. The switch 222 being in its lower position will conmeet the conductors HI and 23I, so that the danger lamp 232 is lighted or other danger signal given, the circuit including the generator 2I0, conductor 2| I, contacts 210, conductor 213, switch 222, conductor 23I and lamp 232 therein, and conductor 2I9. The magnets I34 and I35 are thus both deenergized for establishing danger conditions, and the lamp or signal 232 indicates such condition.

2. Caution-If, when the choke coil 238 passes an armature 242 at a control station, with current flowing through the conductor or partial circuit 244 in one direction. so that the switch 248 is moved against the contact 258, when the switches 2I2 and 220 are opened, caution conditions will be established in the train equipment. The switch 2I2 being opened will deenergize the magnets 2I6 and I34, and the switches 220 and 225 being opened, would, under danger conditions, deenergize the magnet 223, but an alternate holding circuit for the magnet 223 is established by the switch 248 engaging the contact 250, such alternate holding circuit including the generator 210, conductor 2I I, switch 248, contact 250, conductor 226, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9. The magnet 223 is thus kept energized even though the switches 2I2, 2I4, 220 and 225 have been opened, thereby keeping the switch 222 raised. Then, when the switches 2I2 and 220 are again raised in leaving the control station,

the switches 2M and 225 remain down because the magnet 2I6 remains deenergized. The circuit of the magnet 223 now includes the generator 2I8, conductor 2II, contacts 210, conductor 213, switch 220, conductor 22I, switch 222, magnet 223 and conductor 2 I 9, the same as under clear conditions, and the switch 225 being down in engagement with the conductor 228, will result in the magnet I35 and lamp 230 being energized to establish and maintain caution conditions. The circuit of the magnet I35 and lamp 238 includes the generator ZIU, conductor 2II, contacts 210, conductor 213, switch 220, conductor 22I, switch 222, conductor 226, switch 225, conductor 228, magnet I35 and lamp 238, and conductor 2I9. The magnet I34 is thus deenergized and the magnet I35 energized for caution conditions, with the caution lamp 230 lighted to indicate such conditions.

3. Clear-When passing a control station, should current flow through the conductor 244 in the opposite direction as compared with caution conditions, so that the switch 248 is moved against the contact 249, when the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, then clear conditions are established or maintained. Thus, although the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, the magnets 2I6 and 223 remain energized, by the establishment of an alternative holding circuit for the magnet 2I6. Such circuit includes the generator 2H], conductor 2| I, switch 248', contact 249, conductor 2 I5, magnets 2 I6 and I34 and lamp 2I8, and conductor 2I9. .Thus, with the switch 248 against the contact 245, the magnet 2H5 is kept energized While the choke coil passes the armature 242, to prevent the magnet 2I6 being deenergized while the switches 2I2 and 220 are open. Even though the switch 220 is opened, the switch 225 remains in engagement with the conductor 224,

to keep the magnet 2 23 energized, the circuit of fit) the magnet 223 (while the switch 220 is open) including the generator 2I9, conductor 2H, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 225, conductor 226, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9. Clear conditions are thus maintained, and if the train was proceeding under caution or danger conditions, the movement of the switch 248 against the contact 249 will reestablish clear conditions by energizing the magnets 2I6 and I34.

The arrangement is a normal danger one, in-

asmuch as danger conditions are established in the vehicle equipment when the choke coil 238 passes the armature 242, whereby the primary responsive element or magnet 233 becomes de energized to release the switches 2| 2 and 220, and current is required for the secondary responsive device or relay 241 to move the switch 248 one way or the other to provide for clear or caution conditions accordingly. The current for the conductor or partial circuit 224 is obtained from the track as willpresently appear.

The track part of the apparatus at each control station comprises a partial circuit having its terminals connected to the rail R and supplied with polarized current from a track battery through a polarized reversing relay, whereby the control of the secondary responsive device or relay 241 is obtained without ramps, trips, or other elements or obstructions between the track and train other than the wheels of the trucks 245 and 246 and the rail R. The partial track circuit includes the conductors I and 252' connected at their opposite ends to the rail R at a suitable distance apart, preferably about the same distance as the ends of the conductor or partial circuit 244 are spaced apart. The conductor 25I is connected 'to contacts 253 and 254 of a polarized reversing relay, and the conductor 252 is connected to contacts 255 and 256 of such relay, the relay having polarized switches 251 and 259 which, when the relay is deenergized, are in normal neutral or intermediate position, with the switch 251 between the contacts 253 and 255 and with the switch 258 between the contacts 254 and 256. The switches 251 and 258 are connected to the opposite poles of the track battery 259 or other source of electrical current, and the switches are controlled by a magnet 260 which is connected in circuit with the wayside signal apparatus, whereby the magnet 266 is deenergized when danger track conditions exist, and so that the current flows through the magnet in one direction for clear conditions and flows through the magnet in the opposite direction for caution conditions. Thus, assuming for clear conditions, the current flows through the magnet 260 so as to move the switches 251 and 258 against the contacts 255 and 254, respectively, the flow of current from the battery 259 will be along the switch 258, contact 254, and conductor 25I, and returning by way of the conductor 252, contact 255 and switch 251. Under caution conditions with the current flowing through the magnet 260 in the opposite direction, the switches 251 and 258 are moved against the contacts 253 and 256, whereby the current from the battery 259 flows by way of the switch 258, contact 256 and conductor 252, returning by way of the conductor 25I, contact 253 and switch 251. Thus, by reversing the flow of current through the polarized track relay, the switches 251 and 258 of the relay alternately connect the conductors 25I and 252 with the opposite poles of the track battery 259, whereas when the track relay is deenergized, the conductors 25I and 252 are not only disconnected from one another but are also disconnected from the track battery.

It is preferable, although not necessary, to use an insulated joint 26I in the rail R between the opposite ends of the conductors 25! and 252, and to bridge the insulated joint by suitable resistance 262. Thus, althcugh current can flow along the rail R. between the conductors 25I and 252, such as in a signal circuit, the flow of current from the battery 259 through the partial track circuit will encounter the resistance 262 in flowing along the portion of the rail R between the opposite terminals of the conductors 25I and 252.

If the wayside signal apparatus is such that current flows through the rails, resulting in a portion of the current flowing through the conductor 244, the flow of current through such conductor is negligible so as not to affect the relay 241, whereas the current supplied by the battery 259 is of suiiicient potential as to operate the relay 241 in a reliable manner.

OPERATION Normal running c01iditions.--When the train is proceeding under normal running or clear condi tions in a block between the armatures or inductors 242 the primary circuit from the generator 2 I9 through the choke coil 238, condenser 249 and the primary winding 236 will be energized by normal current flow. As stated hereinbefore, the capacity, under such conditions, practically neutralizes the inductive reactance of the coil 238 in such a way as to permit a current of relatively high value to pass through the circuit. Moreover, when the coil 238 passes over rails or other magnetic objects at crossings and elsewhere, the impedance may even be decreased, to increase the current flow in the circuit, and therefore cause the switches 2E2 and 220 to stick more tightly against their contacts by the added energization of the magnet 233. Such magnet is therefore kept energized and the switches thereof closed by the induced current through the secondary of the transformer 235.

The normal clear circuit includes the generator 2H), conductor 2H, contacts 213, conductor 213, switch 2I2, conductor 2I3, switch 254, conductor 2I5, magnets 2I6 and I34 and lamp 2I8,

and conductor 2I9, keeping the magnets 2 I6 and I34 energized and the clear lamp 2I8 lighted. Another circuit includes the generator 2H), conductor 2II, contacts 219, conductor 213, switch 220, conductor 22I, switch 222, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9, to keep the magnet 223 energized,

and said magnet is disposed in another circuit including the generator 2I0, conductor 2I I, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 225, conductor 226, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9.

When starting, with the magnets 2I6, I34 and 223 deenergized and the magnet 233 energized to close the switches 2I2 and 229, the clearing switch 243 is closed, thus completing the circuit including the generator 2I6, conductor 2| I, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 243, con ductor 2I5, magnets 2I6 and I34 and lamp 2I8, and conductor H9. The switches 2M and 225 are therefore raised, and the magnet 223 is thereby energized, the circuit of the magnet 223 including the generator 2I0, conductor 2H, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 225, conductor 226, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9. Running conditions are thus established by the closing of the switch 243 so that the train can proceed, and said switch is then opened. Said switch 243 is either under lock and key or other wise arranged so as to be operated only by an authorized person or under required conditions.

Danger conditions.When a block of the track is under danger conditions, the relay magnet 260 at the entrance end of the block is deenergized, whereby the switches 251 and 258 are in normal position, with the track circuit open and deenergized, so that the conductor or vehicle circuit 244 does not receive current from the battery 259. The relay 241 thus remains in normal position while passing the control station in entering the danger block. Accordingly, when the choke coil 238 passes over the armature 242, the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, thereby deenergizing the magnets 2I6 and 223, and the magnet I34 is also deenergized to establish danger conditions, inasmuch as the magnet I35 also remains deenergized. When the choke coil leaves the armature 242, so that the switches 2I2 and 220 are again closed, the switches 2I4, 222 and 225 remaining down will prevent the magnets 2I6, I34, 223 and I35 from being energized, so that danger con-ditions are in force, to require the stopping of the train or the slow travel thereof in order that a quick stop can be made if necessary to avoid a collision or accident. The

lamp 232 is lighted to indicate danger conditions, the circuit including the generator 2I0, conductor 2! I, cont-acts 219, conductor 213, switch 223, conductor 22I, switch 222, conductor 23I having the lamp 232 therein, and conductor 2I9.,

If the switch 243 is closed by proper authority or under required conditions, the vehicle equ1p ment is cleared, as hereinbefore described, so that the train can proceed without speed restriction.

Clear conditions-When the track is clear ahead, the current flows through the relay magnet 268 in a direction to move the switches 251 and 258 against the respective contacts 255 and 254, so that current flows from the battery 259 through the conductor 25I and returns by way of the conductor 252. Then, when the choke coil 238 passes over the armature 242 at the control station at theentrance of the clear block, the conductor 244 of the vehicle or train and conductors 25I and 252 of the track complete a circuit with the ends of the conductor 244 connected almost directly with the opposite ends of the conductors 25I and 252, with only short portions of the rail R between said conductors, so that very little of the rail resistance is interposed in the 'circuit. Even though the resistance of the conductor 244 is greater than the resistance offered by the portions of the rail R and the locomotive and tender between the terminals of the conductor 244, a. small portion of the current will fiow through the conductor 244 from the battery 259, although the major part of the current will flow through the shunt or short circuit afiorded by the rail and metal parts of the locomotive and tender. If the locomotive and tender are insulated from one another, this may help somewhat, although same is not necessary with proper adjustments of the relay 241, and

site terminals of the conductors 25I and 252 will complete a circuit including the battery 259, switch 258, contact 254, conductor 25I, rail R, truck 248, conductor 244 and relay 241 therein,

truck 245, rail R, conductor 252, contact 255 and a switch 251. The flow of currentbeing forwardly in the conductor 244 will energize the relay 241 249, conductor 215, magnets 2E5 and I34 and lamp 2I8, and conductor 2 I9. This prevents the magnets 2I6 and I34 from being deenergized, or if they. are deenergized in passing the control station, said magnets will be energized to restore clear conditions. Although the switch 220 is open, the switch 225 remaining closed, will keep the magnet 223 energized, the circuit including the generator 2I0, conductor 2| I, contacts 214, conductor 224, switch 225, conductor 226, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9.

When the train leaves the control station, the switches 2I2 and 228 are reclosed to keep the magnets 2I6, I34 and 223'energized, and the conductor 244 being moved away from the partial track circuit, will result in the switch 248 moving back to normal or neutral position.

Caution conditions.When the track conditions require caution after passing a control station or point of the track, the current flows through the magnet 26!) at such control station in a direction opposite to the flow through the magnet for clear conditions, whereby the switches 251 and 258 are moved against the respective contacts 253 and 256, so that the current flows from the battery 259 through the conductor 252 and returns by way of the con-ductor 25I.

When the choke coil 238 passes over the armature 242, the conductor 244 is connected in circuit with the conductors 25I and 252, the same as under clear conditions, and the flow of current through the conductor 244 will be rearwardly, so that the relay 241 is energized to move the switch 248 against the contact 258. Consequent- 1y, when the switches 2I2 and 220 drop open, the

switch 248 remains against the contact 258 during such interval.

The switch 2I2 being opened will deenergize the magnets 2 I6 and I34 and extinguish the lamp 2I8, so that the switches 2I4 and 225 drop down and remain down during caution conditions, and an alternative circuit for the magnet 223 is provided so that said magnet remains energized, such circuit including the generator 2I0, conductor 2 I I, switch 248, contact 250, conductor 22B, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9. By keeping the magnet 223 energized although the magnets 2H5 and I34 are deenergized', caution conditions are established.

When the choke coil leaves the armature, so that the switches 2I2 and 228 are again closed, the switches 2I4 and 225 remain down so that the magnets 2I6 and I34 remain deenergized, and the circuit of the magnet 223 includes the generator 2 I0, conductor 2I I, contacts 210, conductor 213, switch 228, conductor 22I, switch222 which remains up, magnet 223 and conductor 2I9.

The switch 222 being up and the switch 225 down will result in the magnet I 35 being energized, the circuit including the generator 2 III, conductor 2II, contacts'21fl, conductor 213, conductor 22I, switch 222, conductor 226. switch 225.

conductor 228, magnet I35 and lamp 230, and conductor 2I9. Thus, with the magnet I34 deenergized and the magnet I35 energized caution conditions will prevail, the lamp 230 being lighted to indicate the fact. Should the choke coil 238 pass an armature 242 without the relay 241 being energized the switch 220 dropping open will break the circuits of the magnets 223 and. I35, so that danger conditions are established.

Speed control The electrical equipment as hereinbefore described is substantially the same as disclosed in my issued Patent No. 1,695,931, heretofore mentioned, but, as shown in Fig. 11, a speed control device is added which controls the circuits through the switches 2I2, 220 and 225 and through the magnet I09.

The governor 212 is operated at a speed proportional to the velocity of the train, by being connected to one of the wheels or in any well known manner, and the switch 21I is raised and lowered by the governor. Said switch has a bridging piece 215 between the contacts 210 which is removed from between said contacts when the speed of the train reaches a. predetermined maximum, say for example seventy miles per hour. This will prevent the train from exceeding such maximum speed, inasmuch as the circuits through the switches 2I2 and 220 will be opened, thereby obtaining danger conditions, the magnets 2I5, I34 and 223 being deenergized. The bridging piece 215 is of such length as to keep the circuit between the contacts 210 closed until the maximum speed is reached.

The switch 21I also has a bridging piece 216 between the contacts 214 which is of such a length as to be removed from between the contacts 214 when the speed of the train exceeds a certain speed, say for example fifteen miles per hour. Consequently, when the speed of the train is above a. predetermined minimum amount or fifteen miles per hour as given, the circuit through the conductor 224 and switch 225 is opened at the contacts 214, thereby preventing the clearing circuit through the switch 243 being closed. Consequently, the apparatus cannot be cleared when travelling above such minimum speed.

The switch 21I also has a bridging piece 211 between a pair of contacts 218, and the contacts 218, bridging piece 211, magnet I09 and switch 551 are connected in series between the conductors 2H and 231 (or H9). The switch I51, as hereinbefore described, is opened when the pneumatic equipment goes to danger position, so as to deenergize the magnet I09. Under caution conditions, with the switch I51 closed, the magnet I09 is controlled by the switch 21I. The bridging piece 211 is of such a length as to keep the circuit of the magnet I09 closed as long as the train is travelling below a predetermined maximum caution speed, say for example thirty-five miles per hour. When such speed is exceeded, under caution conditions, the bridging piece 211 is raised from between the contacts 218, thereby deenergizing the magnet I09 and resulting in the application of the brakes, as hereinbefore explained, until the speed is reduced below such maximum caution speed, when the bridging piece'211 is again brought between the contacts 218 to reenergize the magnet I09.

The speed control switch 21I includes another bridging piece 280 between a pair of contacts 28I for the purpose of enabling the train to proceed at a slow speed, say below fifteen miles per hour,

after danger conditions are established, in order that the train can proceed into a danger block at a very slow speed, to do shifting on an adjacent track or to move into a siding, or the like. Fig. 12 illustrates the modification to obtain such results. Thus, one contact 28I is connected to the conductor 2| I, and a conductor 282 connects the other contact 28I with one contact 283 of a pair. the conductor 23I being connected to the other contact 283. The switch 222, instead of engaging the conductor 23I, carries an insulated switch 284 which bridges the contacts 283, when the switch 222 drops down. The clear electromagnet I34 has a separate coil or winding 285 between the conductors 23I and 2I9. A switch 286 is provided for the conductor 282, which may be under lock and key to prevent said switch being closed excepting under required conditions or by proper authority, and said switch may be such that it must be held closed by the engineer while proceeding under danger conditions, said switch opening when released, thereby requiring the engineer to be alert.

With this arrangement, when danger conditions are established, the switch 222 dropping down will cause the switch 284 to bridge the contacts 283, and when the switch 286 is closed, the train can proceed at a slow speed as long as the bridging piece .280 is between the contacts 28I.

I The circuit includes the generator 2I0, conductor 2| I, contacts 28I and bridging piece 280, conductor 282, contacts 283 and switch 284, conductor 23I, coil 285 and conductor 2| 9. The valves of the magnet I34 are therefore raised to admit main reservoir air into the cylinder IIO, so that the pneumatic equipment is restored to clear condition, permitting the train to proceed.

However, the magnets 2| 6 and 223 remain deen-' ergized, inasmuch as the flow of current through the coil 285 is independent of the flow of current through the conductors 2I5 and 2l9.

Should the predetermined speed be exceeded, the bridging piece 280 being raised from between the contacts 28l, will open the circuit of the coil 285, hereby letting the valves of the magnet I34 drop, '0 establish danger conditions at once. It is therefore necessary for the train to proceed slowly -under danger condition, in order that a quick step can be made if necessary.

When the apparatus is cleared, so that the magnets I34, 2I6 and 223 are reenergized, the switch 222 being raised will open the switch 284, thereby rendering the coil 285 ineffective.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is:-

1. In an automatic pneumatic brake apparatus, a brake pipe, a reservoir, a differential valve device subject to opposing pressures from said brake pipe and reservoir and operable to permit escape of the pressure fluid from the brake pipe when the brake pipe pressure is greater than the reservoir pressure, a plurality of expansion chambers, automatic means for connecting the reservoir and one expansion chamber, and automatic means controlled by the filling of said expansion chamber with fluid from said reservoir for connecting the reservoir with the other expansion chamber.

2. In an automatic pneumatic brake apparatus, a brake pipe, a reservoir, a differential valve device subject to opposing pressures from said brake pipe and reservoir and operable to permit escape of fluid from the brake pipe when the brake pipe pressure is greater than the reservoir pressure, a plurality of expansion chambers, 

